Diagram illustrating pavement camber angle and its effect on knee joint loading

Pulse

263,865 joint replacements. An NHS waiting list over 800,000. Britain's crumbling pavements tilt beyond legal limits — loading knees asymmetrically with every step. Dr Dima Martini-Drew MD on the infrastructure variable medicine has overlooked.

263,865 joint replacements across England, Wales and Northern Ireland in a single year. An NHS waiting list of more than 800,000 people for trauma and orthopaedic care.

Pro

How asymmetric loading from cambered pavements drives molecular ageing: the biological cascade, evidence from 18 peer-reviewed studies, and the NHS waiting-time data. Clinical layer by Dr Dima Martini-Drew MD.

263,865 joint replacements in a single year. The clinical evidence connecting Britain’s pavement cambers to measurable acceleration of joint degeneration.

Insider

Cambered pavements as a chronic metabolic stressor: the complete molecular cascade from asymmetric joint loading to systemic ageing markers, intervention timing, and the clinical framework. By Dr Dima Martini-Drew MD.

What happens when you trace the biomechanical insult of environmental gradients all the way through to its metabolic and epigenetic consequences. The answer implicates infrastructure policy as a direct determinant of biological ageing.